Myopia Definition, Symptoms and Treatment
Dr. Taylan Öztürk
What is Myopia?
Myopia Definition, Symptoms and Treatment
Myopia is an eye defect that occurs when the anterior back diameter of the eye is larger than normal or the cornea is too curved. This prevents light from focusing correctly on the retina, which causes objects at a distance to appear blurred.
This causes distant objects to be blurred, while clear vision at close distances is usually unaffected.
Causes of Myopia
Although the exact cause of myopia is not known, many factors such as genetic factors, environmental factors and lifestyle are thought to play a role. Among the common causes of myopia;
- Genetic Factors: Individuals with a family history of myopia have a higher risk of developing myopia.
- Environmental Factors: Factors such as prolonged close-range work, computer and smartphone use, and reading in low light can affect the development of myopia.
Symptoms of Myopia
Early Symptoms
Early signs of myopia are often characterized by eye strain and blurred vision:
- Blurred vision at a distance: The inability to see objects clearly at a distance.
- Eye Fatigue: Eye fatigue after prolonged reading or computer use.
- Headache: Headaches due to tension in the eyes.
Progressive Symptoms
Symptoms become more pronounced as myopia progresses:
- Night Vision Problems: Vision problems, especially at night or in low light conditions.
- Eye Shift: Eyes shift after prolonged reading or focusing.
- Development of degenerative myopia: If the elongation of the eye continues and the refractive error of the eye increases rapidly, irreversible damage to the eye can occur
The most important of these is the development of retinal tears and retinal detachment. In addition to the development of damage to the yellow spot, which can result in serious vision loss, eye pressure problems and cataract development can also cause vision loss in these patients.
Diagnosis of Myopia
Eye Examination
Myopia is usually diagnosed with a comprehensive eye examination. The following tests are performed during this process:
- Vision Tests: Measurement of visual acuity with the use of glasses or contact lenses.
- Retinoscopy: Reflection of light into the eye and evaluation of refractive errors of the eye.
- Ophthalmoscopy: Examination of retina and intraocular structures.
Imaging Tests
Imaging tests can be performed for more detailed examination:
- OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography): Provides detailed information about the retina and structures within the eye.
- OCTA (Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography): Takes cross-sectional angiographic views of the retinal layers.
- A-scan Ultrasound: A test used to measure the length of the eye.
Treatment Methods for Myopia
Eyeglasses and Contact Lenses
Glasses and contact lenses are the most commonly used methods to treat myopia:
- Spectacles: Specially prescribed glasses to correct myopia. Glasses usually clarify near and distance vision.
- Contact Lenses: Lenses that work directly on the eye, which are aesthetically less conspicuous than glasses.
Refractive Surgery
Treatment of conditions that may develop due to myopia with intraocular injection or surgery:
- LASIK (Laser Vision Correction): Treatment of myopia by correcting the shape of the cornea with a laser. The surgery usually takes 15-30 minutes and the recovery period can be several days.
- PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy): Laser correction of the surface of the cornea. The surgery usually takes 10-20 minutes and the recovery period may take several weeks.
- ICL (Intraocular Contact Lens): Correction of myopia with lenses placed in the eye. The operation usually takes 20-30 minutes and the recovery period can be several days.
Orthopedic Treatment Methods
In some cases, orthopedic treatment methods can also be used:
- Eye Exercises: Exercises used to slow the progression of myopia.
- Vision Therapy Programs: Special treatment programs especially for children.
Myopia and Children
Myopia in children often starts at school age and may continue into later life. Early diagnosis and treatment of myopia in children is important to prevent vision loss.
Myopia and Pregnancy
During pregnancy, myopia may occur temporarily due to hormonal changes and an increase in the amount of fluid in the eye. It usually resolves spontaneously after birth.
Myopia and Sports
People with myopia can participate in many sports using appropriate glasses or contact lenses. However, in some sports (e.g. basketball, soccer), contact lenses may be more appropriate as there is a risk of damage to the glasses.
Myopia Treatment Process and Prices
Treatment Process
The myopia treatment process varies depending on the method used:
- Glasses and Contact Lenses: The treatment process usually continues with the regular use of glasses or contact lenses. Regular eye checks may be required.
- Refractive Surgery: The surgical process is usually short and the recovery period can vary from a few days to a few weeks. Regular eye checks and some lifestyle changes are recommended after surgery.
Price Information
The cost of myopia treatment varies depending on the treatment method used, the location of the hospital and the experience of the doctor. Glasses and contact lenses are usually a more affordable option. Laser surgery and intraocular lens surgery can be more costly.
The duration of myopia treatment also depends on the treatment method used. While glasses and contact lenses give immediate results, laser surgery and intraocular lens surgery are usually a short procedure.
How can we help you with myopia?
Myopia is a condition that can negatively affect your quality of life. However, with early diagnosis and the right treatment, the progression of myopia can be stopped and your quality of vision can be improved. If you feel as if you cannot see distant objects clearly, it is important to consult an ophthalmologist for a detailed examination.
As Prof. Dr. Taylan Öztürk and his team, we offer you the best service in the treatment of myopia.
Contact us now to make an appointment!