What is Central Serous Chorioretinopathy? Symptoms and Treatment Methods
Dr. Taylan Öztürk
What is Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSC)?
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSC)
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSC) is an eye disease characterized by swelling of the pigment epithelial layer under the retina due to fluid accumulation. This fluid accumulation can cause clouding of the visual center and loss of clear vision. The disease is more common in young and middle-aged men.
Causes of SSK
The exact causes of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy are unknown, but some risk factors have been identified:
- Stress: Intense stress and anxiety can contribute to the development of SSC.
- Alcohol and Smoking: Heavy alcohol and smoking
- Hormonal Imbalances: Hormonal changes, especially in men, are one of the risk factors of the disease.
- Drug Use: The use of certain medications such as corticosteroids may increase the risk of SSK.
- Genetic Factors: The risk of the disease may be higher in individuals with a family history of SSK.
Symptoms of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
The most prominent symptom of SSK is blurring and distortion of central vision. See also
Early Symptoms
The early symptoms of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy are usually characterized by abnormal changes in the eyes:
- Blurred vision: Blurring or loss of vision, especially in the center of vision.
- Changes in Colors: Inability to perceive colors correctly or fading of colors.
- Eye Swelling: Sensation of swelling and distortion in the visual field.
Progressive Symptoms
Symptoms become more pronounced as the disease progresses:
- Vision Loss: Significant loss of vision at near and far distances.
- Dark Areas: Dark spots or blurred areas in the visual field.
- Surface Changes: Fluctuations or distortions in the center of vision.
Diagnosis of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Eye Examination
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy is usually diagnosed with a comprehensive eye examination. The following tests may be performed during the diagnostic process:
- Vision Tests: Measuring visual acuity and assessing changes.
- Ophthalmoscopy: Examination of the retina and pigment epithelium.
- OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography): A test used to visualize fluid accumulation under the retina and pigment epithelium.
- OCTA (Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography): It takes cross-sectional angiographic views of the retinal layers.
Imaging Tests
Various imaging tests can be performed for more detailed evaluation:
- Fluorescein Angiography: Examination of retinal vessels and evaluation of fluid accumulation.
- Color Fundus Photography: Photographs of the macular area are taken.
Treatment of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Medication Therapy
Medication is often preferred in the treatment of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy:
- Corticosteroid Inhibitors: Can be used to reduce fluid accumulation and control inflammation.
- Anti-inflammatory Drugs: It may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and fluid accumulation in the eye.
Laser Treatment
In the first 3 months, there is no recommendation other than supportive therapies and reducing daily stress, while the main treatment of the disease in ongoing cases is laser applications.
Subthreshold Micropulse Laser Therapy: Since the disease develops in the yellow spot, the new subthreshold yellow laser treatments, which do not cause burns, can provide a significant reduction in the fluid and the patient’s vision can be completely restored. The procedure takes about 2 minutes, has no significant side effects and is reproducible.
Photodynamic Therapy: Effective treatment of the disease can be achieved by injecting a substance stimulated by light through a vein and applying a laser to the eye.
Argon Laser Therapy: Argon laser can be used to burn the leaking vessel in the rare group of patients who are far from the center, that is, who do not have involvement in the yellow spot.
Intraocular Injection Applications
In the presence of a pathological vessel formed in the visual center imaged by OCTA in prolonged disease, intraocular anti-VEGF drugs can be administered, but do not provide long-term therapeutic efficacy in the disease.
Monitoring and Follow-up
Some cases of SSK may get better on their own without treatment:
- Regular Checkups: Regular eye checks and follow-up are necessary to monitor disease progression.
- Lifestyle Changes: Stress management and healthy living habits are recommended.
Long-term consequences of SSK
If left untreated, SSK can lead to vision loss. Loss of vision can be irreversible, especially in case of permanent damage to the macula.
Ways to Prevent SSK
Although SSK cannot be prevented outright, you can reduce the risk by taking some precautions. These include
- Stress management: You can try methods such as yoga and meditation to cope with stress.
- Balanced nutrition: You can maintain your general health and reduce the risk of SSK by eating a healthy diet.
- Regular eye examinations: It is possible to diagnose CSC at an early stage with regular eye examinations.
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Treatment Process and Prices
Treatment Process
The course of treatment for Central Serous Chorioretinopathy depends on the method used:
- Medication: It usually takes a few weeks and requires regular eye checks.
- Laser Treatment: The procedure takes 2 to 10 minutes. Laser effectiveness starts to be seen after about 1 month. Regular check-ups may be required after treatment.
Price Information
The cost of SSK treatment varies depending on the method of treatment, the location of the hospital and the experience of the doctor. The duration of treatment may also vary depending on the general condition of the patient and the severity of the disease.
How can we help you with central serous chorioretinopathy?
If you are concerned about Central Serous Chorioretinopathy or would like more information about treatment, do not hesitate to contact our team of experts. Schedule an appointment today to protect your eye health and find the best treatment option for you. Contact us to get support for clear vision and healthy eyes.
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